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Closed-Loop Supply Chains for Spent Batteries

Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), University of Karlsruhe, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), University of Karlsruhe, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), University of Karlsruhe, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
frank.schultmann{at}wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de
bernd.engels{at}wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de
otto.rentz{at}wiwi.uni-karlsruhe.de

In Germany, a battery decree prescribes measures for collecting and recycling spent batteries. We developed a hybrid approach to establishing a closed-loop supply chain for spent batteries that combines an optimization model for planning a reverse-supply network and a flow-sheeting process model that enables a simulation tailored to potential recycling options for spent batteries in the steelmaking industry. Our results show that almost complete recycling of spent batteries can be achieved by transforming the current structure into a modified recovery network.

Key Words: Facilities: equipment planning; location